Kenya will soon start planting genetically modified cotton and corn, becoming the fourth country in Africa following South Africa, Burkina Faso and Sudan, and the first to plant genetically modified crops in East Africa. Allegedly, the Ken Cabinet will cancel the 2012 ban on the import of genetically modified crops. At present, the National Bureau of Biosafety (NBA) is in the final stages of approval for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified cotton and corn. Prior to approval, the NBA is performing a risk assessment of the product, including a month-long announcement and a public forum. Previously, the Kenya Agricultural Research Center (KARI) conducted restricted field trials on six genetically modified crops. In addition to cotton and corn, it also included anti-arid corn, bio-fortified sorghum, anti-virus cassava, and gypsophila cut flowers.

Results indicated that the inactivation of Escherichia coli in artificial wastewater was similar with that in real municipal wastewater. Among three waters, the bactericidal effect of chlorine dioxide was lowest in secondary effluent. The bacteria log inactivation increased by up to threefold when the COD concentration of raw wastewater was decreased by half. An unfavorable COD effect was also observed for the disinfection of secondary effluent. To explain the COD effect on bacteria inactivation, chlorine dioxide residuals were measured with time through each disinfection process. Results from statistical analyses have revealed that, in comparison to the correlations using CT values, the inactivation data can be better correlated with the ratio of COD to ClO2 concentrations. The results of this study would be a useful guide for many municipalities and communities in determining chlorine dioxide dosages for water and Wastewater Disinfection systems.

Wastewater Disinfection

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