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Yam storage and transportation method
Yam storage and transportation method:
Yam is rich in mucilage and starch, making it highly susceptible to moisture. If exposed to damp conditions, it becomes soft and sticky, leading to mold growth within two weeks. The skin turns yellow, and infestation by pests is common. Therefore, it's crucial to prevent moisture during storage.
The recommended storage method involves packing yam in wooden boxes lined with kraft paper. The corners of the box should be filled with shavings or wood wool to protect the tubers. Arrange the yams neatly inside, cover them with the same kraft paper, seal the box tightly, and store it in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. The storage location should be elevated off the ground to ensure proper airflow. Before the rainy season, unpack the yam, expose it to sunlight, and apply a light sulfur smoke treatment. Repeat this process during summer to ensure safe storage through the hot months. In late spring and early autumn, check the yam weekly. If mildew appears, spread it out in the sun, gently brush off the mold using a soft brush or cloth, and mix it with yam powder before drying. If the sun is too strong, cover the yam with a thin layer of paper to avoid discoloration.
Yam tubers are cold-tolerant and can be stored on-site if necessary, with harvest delayed until mid-March of the following year. They can also be stored in an earthen cellar, where they are layered with soil and covered with straw to prevent water intrusion. Maintain a temperature between 10°C and 15°C in the cellar, and store until April or May of the next year. During dormancy, yam tubers are less resistant to low temperatures and may suffer damage below -4°C. A suitable storage temperature ranges from 0°C to 2°C with about 90% relative humidity.
Common storage methods include:
1. **Trench Method**: Dig a trench 1–2 meters deep and 1 meter wide. Immediately place the yam in the trench, ensuring each layer is no more than 80 cm thick. Cover with fine soil as temperatures drop. When freezing occurs, add 5–10 cm of soil on top of the yam. This method allows storage until March or April of the following year.
2. **Buried Method (Sand Storage)**: Create a buried pit about 1 meter high using bricks or concrete. Place 10 cm of clean sand or soil at the bottom. Lay the yam flat in layers, covering each with a thin layer of sand. Once the pit is filled to about 10 cm from the top, seal it with mud or sand. Check the yam every other month. Alternatively, you can store yam in baskets or boxes filled with sand.
3. **Basket Method**: Line the basket or box with sterilized straw or wheat straw. Stack the selected yam in layers, filling the container to the top. Cover with additional straw and place the basket in a well-ventilated warehouse. To prevent moisture from the floor, place bricks or planks underneath the basket.
By following these methods, you can effectively preserve yam quality and extend its shelf life throughout the seasons.