S-type load cells, also referred to as S-beam load cells, are force sensors specially designed to accurately measure both tension and compression. The name "S-type" is derived from their distinctive S-shape. Some users prefer to call them "Z-type," referring to their structured centre beam spring element.
Standard Load Cells,S-Type Load Cells,S-Beam Load Cells,Z Type Load Cells Zhejiang Nanhua Electronic Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.nhloadcell.com
The S-type load cells we offer vary in capacities, ranging from a nimble 25kg up to an impressive 30 tonnes. These units utilize advanced metal foil strain gauge technology. Their notable accuracy and compact design attributes make them a top choice for applications requiring precise force measurements. With easy and versatile installation using rod ends or load buttons, S-type load cells deliver outstanding performance for tension and compression applications alike.
Our range of S-type load cells is available in both low and high-capacity options. They are primarily designed to measure tensile forces but are equally competent in measuring compressive forces.
Built from stainless steel or aluminum alloy, depending on the range size, these sensors offer measurements from as light as 200g up to a hefty 1T. Their high precision, easy installation, and reliable stability are just some of their numerous advantages. With such robust features, they are a perfect fit for applications such as dosage scales, packaging scales, hook scales, and technical control equipment. Through precise force measurement, they enhance the reliability of these devices, helping to optimize operations and product quality.
2013 phosphate fertilizer and ** stable market demand
In the 2013 Phosphorus Market Symposium held in Beijing, industry experts highlighted that fertilizer production would experience a modest growth in 2013. However, the demand for chemical fertilizers is expected to grow at a slower pace due to the widespread adoption of balanced fertilization and new fertilizer technologies. The projected growth rate of fertilizer demand is between 2% and 3%, which is lower than the increase in production. This imbalance is likely to intensify market competition and put downward pressure on prices. Specifically, the phosphate fertilizer market is expected to remain relatively stable.
Wu Xuemei, Deputy Director of the China Fertilizer Industry Association, noted that in 2012, phosphate fertilizer output reached 16.93 million tons, reflecting a 3.2% year-on-year increase. High-concentration phosphorus compound fertilizer accounted for 86.4% of total output, with 14.62 million tons produced. Low-concentration phosphorus fertilizer totaled 2.31 million tons, including 2.09 million tons of calcium phosphate and 220,000 tons of calcium magnesium phosphate. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) outputs were 14.6 million and 13.28 million tons respectively, while NPK compound fertilizer reached about 60 million tons.
China’s apparent consumption of phosphate fertilizer in 2012 was 13.74 million tons of P₂O₅, up 8.3% from the previous year. This figure exceeds agricultural demand, indicating a growing role of industrial applications. By the end of 2012, China's phosphate fertilizer production capacity stood at around 22 million tons of P₂O₅, with phosphoric acid production capacity reaching approximately 18.7 million tons. DAP and MAP capacities were estimated at 18.5 million and 16.5 million tons respectively, while NPK and heavy calcium capacities were about 11 million and 2 million tons.
In terms of trade, phosphate fertilizer exports in 2012 fell by 34% year-on-year to 2.5 million tons of Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…, accounting for 14.8% of total output. DAP exports decreased by 2.1% to 3.93 million tons, representing 27% of global trade. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) exports dropped by 31.2% to 600,000 tons, and heavy calcium exports fell by 50.8% to 850,000 tons. These declines reflect increased global supply and shifting demand patterns, particularly in India, where reduced subsidies are expected to dampen future demand.
Domestically, phosphate fertilizer prices faced downward pressure, with ex-works prices for DAP and NPK dropping by RMB 100–150 per ton compared to the previous year. Rising railway freight rates since May 2012 further increased transportation costs, especially for shipments from Yunnan-Guizhou to northern regions. Although raw material costs have declined, overall production costs have not fallen significantly due to lower operating rates and higher logistics expenses. As a result, industry profitability is expected to remain under pressure in 2013.
In 2012, China produced approximately 5.2 million tons of yellow phosphorus, including 2.204 million tons from natural gas recycling, 2.88 million tons from oil recycling, and 280,000 tons from chemical recycling. Imports of yellow phosphorus rose by 17.6% to 11.2 million tons. With the completion of the Luojiazhai Project by CNPC, production capacity is expected to reach 1–1.5 million tons, improving self-sufficiency levels. Total yellow phosphorus consumption in 2012 reached 15.4 million tons, with 84% used in the chemical industry.
China's phosphate industry remains concentrated in key production areas, with total output reaching 84.03 million tons in 2012, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year. Imports have been declining since 2009, with 1.05 million tons imported in 2010, a 5.8% decrease from the prior year. Export volumes also saw a sharp drop, falling by 81.8%.
By the end of 2012, there were 422 large-scale manufacturing enterprises in China, with a combined production capacity of 106 million tons. Apparent consumption reached 84.98 million tons, up 5.7% year-on-year. With the expansion of natural gas purification, petroleum refining, and chemical recycling, it is expected that yellow phosphorus production will reach 6.5–7 million tons by 2015. Meanwhile, by-products from the non-ferrous metals sector are anticipated to increase by more than 13 million tons during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.
Industry experts predict that from 2013 to 2014, a surge in new domestic production capacity will lead to greater supply, worsening the oversupply situation. Smelting acid and energy-based yellow acid production entering the market will further strain the industry. With limited growth in industrial consumption, demand for phosphate fertilizers is expected to stabilize. Production in sectors like chemicals, light industry, and textiles will see only modest increases, making it difficult for overall consumption to rise significantly. The market will be dominated by smelting acid, forcing some mineral and yellow acid plants to scale back or shut down operations.