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Basic characteristics of insulation materials
Insulation materials typically have a thermal conductivity of 0.2 or lower. Using high-quality insulation in construction and industrial applications can significantly improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance environmental performance. For example, every ton of mineral wool insulation used in buildings can save one ton of oil annually. Similarly, insulating industrial equipment and pipelines with effective materials can cut down on energy consumption and production costs while improving working conditions and economic returns.
These materials are generally lightweight, ranging from 10 to 96 kg/m³. At 20 kg/m³, they are soft and suitable for acoustic applications; at 24–48 kg/m³, they are medium-hard and ideal for walls; and at 48–96 kg/m³, they become rigid boards, often used for ceilings. Their softening point is around 500°C, and they remain stable up to 300°C. In the U.S., these materials are widely used, with a thermal conductivity (k-value) of approximately 0.9.
Calcium silicate insulation was developed in the 1970s and quickly became popular due to its high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and ease of installation. It is frequently used in power systems and other industrial applications where durability and performance are critical.
Initially, most domestic production relied on small workshops, but later, four advanced production lines were introduced from the U.S. These systems use high-speed fiberization and dry needle felting techniques, producing stable quality materials capable of withstanding temperatures between 800°C and 1250°C.
Key features include an acid resistance index above 2.0, excellent heat resistance, and suitability for high-temperature environments, such as chemical pipelines operating at 1000°C. The melting point of the material is around 2000°C, making it ideal for extreme conditions.
Foam insulation is made from synthetic resins and contains many tiny air pockets, giving it low thermal conductivity and good processability. While primarily used in construction, it is also common in packaging—especially for refrigerators—and in underground pipe insulation and cold storage facilities.
The main types of foam include polystyrene and polyurethane. Although they face some challenges in building applications, they are increasingly used in sandwich panels, such as wire mesh or color steel composite panels. Despite limitations, their usage has grown rapidly, especially with stricter fire safety regulations prompting new innovations and applications in the industry.