Flaws and shortcomings

Low Modulus of Elasticity

The elastic modulus of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic) is about twice that of wood, but approximately ten times less than steel (with an elastic modulus of E=2.1E5). Due to this relatively low stiffness, FRP products tend to exhibit noticeable deformation under load. To compensate for this, FRP can be designed as a thin-shell structure or a sandwich structure, which enhances its rigidity. Alternatively, high-modulus fibers or reinforcing ribs can be incorporated into the design to improve stiffness.

Poor Long-Term Temperature Resistance

FRP is generally not suitable for prolonged use at high temperatures. For instance, standard polyester-based FRP typically loses significant strength when exposed to temperatures above 50°C, with optimal performance usually below 100°C. Similarly, general-purpose epoxy-based FRP starts to degrade in strength above 60°C. However, advanced resins with enhanced thermal stability can allow for long-term operation at temperatures up to 200-300°C.

Aging Phenomenon

Like all plastics, FRP is prone to aging, which results in a decline in its performance over time. This deterioration can be accelerated by exposure to ultraviolet light, moisture, sand, chemical mediums, and mechanical stress. Regular maintenance and careful selection of materials can help mitigate these effects.

Low Interlaminar Shear Strength

One limitation of FRP is its low interlaminar shear strength, which is primarily due to the reliance on the resin for bonding between layers. To enhance the interlaminar bond, careful attention must be paid during the manufacturing process. Using coupling agents and optimizing the layup sequence can significantly improve adhesion between layers. Additionally, product designs should avoid placing components under shear forces whenever possible to prevent premature failure.

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