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Aluminum and aluminum alloy pipe processing performance and characteristics
[China Aluminum Industry Network] There are several types of aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes, which can be categorized based on their strength properties and processing characteristics. These typically include pure aluminum (1XXX), soft alloys (3XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX), and hard alloys (2XXX, 4XXX, 7XXX). The extrusion of pure aluminum and soft alloy pipes is relatively straightforward, allowing for significant deformation with excellent surface quality. However, extruding hard alloy pipes presents greater challenges due to the need for substantial equipment capability, limited deformation, and the potential for surface defects. As a result, this process demands precise operational techniques, involves multiple stages, takes longer to complete, consumes more tooling and molds, and results in higher costs and lower yields.
Aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes demand high standards of surface quality, yet their hardness is relatively low, particularly when hot. Thus, extra care must be exercised throughout production and handling to avoid any impacts or damages. It’s essential to carefully protect these products during manufacturing and transportation, ensuring gentle handling and maintaining their integrity. Civilized production practices are crucial to safeguarding product quality.
During extrusion, aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes are prone to sticking to tools, leading to surface defects both inside and out. To mitigate this issue, process lubrication is necessary, along with ensuring high surface finish and hardness on tools. All surfaces in contact with the pipe must adhere to stringent process standards.
Extrusion speeds vary depending on the type of alloy used. While pure aluminum doesn’t require strict control over speed, other alloys do. Thus, selecting an extruder capable of adjusting speeds is critical for maintaining optimal production conditions.
The weldability of many aluminum and aluminum alloys under high temperatures and pressures offers advantages in pipe manufacturing. Techniques like flat combination dies and tongue dies take advantage of this property to create a wider range of pipe sizes and applications. Solid ingots can even be extruded into complex hollow profiles using standard single-acting extruders.
Perforated extrusion can be employed under suitable process conditions. A clean and intact metal sleeve must be maintained on the extrusion barrel and the perforating pin during operation to ensure high-quality pipes. Failure to do so may lead to defects such as air bubbles, peeling, or scratches.
To maintain dimensional accuracy, reduce wall thickness eccentricity, and prevent tool damage, it's important to balance equipment and tool neutrality.
Lastly, aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes are not suited for peeling and extrusion methods due to the likelihood of damaging the outer shell, making removal nearly impossible.
In conclusion, producing aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes involves a complex interplay of factors, requiring careful attention to detail at every stage to ensure high-quality outcomes.