1. Obey the safe use rules of pesticides. In flower cultivation, the prohibited pesticides are: methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, ammonium phosphate, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, toxaphene, and Bromochloropropane, insecticide, dibromoethane, herbicidal ether, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparation, arsenic, lead, dipyridamole, fluoroacetamide, glucosamine, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, Tetramine silicon and so on.
Second, take safety precautions The pesticide application personnel must do the prescribed safety protection measures to prevent poisoning. The remaining liquid medicine and the cleaning liquid of the applicator should be handled in a centralized and safe manner, and should not be sprinkled freely. Empty containers are not allowed to be reused. Empty containers should be properly collected and disposed of, and empty containers should be marked for safe storage or centralized treatment.
Abandoned and expired pesticides must be disposed of in accordance with relevant national regulations, and should not be discarded casually to avoid phytotoxicity of flowers or poisoning of humans and animals.
Third, scientific cultivation to reduce the use of drugs through farming practices, can eliminate some pests and diseases, forming conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. At the same time, the ability of flowers to resist pests and diseases should be improved, such as cleaning pastoral, treating sick bodies, reducing the source of pests and diseases, rationally close planting, increasing ventilation and light transmission in greenhouses or greenhouses, timely removing waterlogging, reducing field humidity, and scientific formula. Fertilization, etc., make the flower grow robustly and improve its ability to resist pests and diseases.
Fourth, strengthen physical control In order to avoid the emergence of pest and disease resistance, physical control should be selected as much as possible. For example, a yellow wormwood plate can be used to trap aphids and leaf miners, and a silver-gray film is hanged in the field to repel aphids while increasing the light intensity. The use of many nocturnal insects has the characteristics of phototaxis, using light trapping, bait trapping and other methods to eliminate pests, and insect nets can also be used to reduce the incidence of pests.
Fifth, the implementation of biological control biological control is also a measure to reduce the use of drugs, to avoid the emergence of resistance to flowers.
One is to control pests by using bacteria, fungi, viruses or their metabolites that can cause disease and death of pests. Usually, the harmful microorganisms of the pests are artificially cultured, and then sprayed with a powder to kill the pests. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis in the bacterial preparation is extremely toxic to the larvae of lepidopteran insects, and the killing effect is excellent. The test results show that the effect of using fungi to disinfestation is also good. For example, Beauveria bassiana is parasitic in insects and worms such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, which can effectively kill pests. Platycladus orientalis has a very high pathogenicity to whiteflies. The research and application of virus control insects have also made great progress, and the application of nuclear polyhedrosis virus is more. The insect virus has a strong specialization, strong pathogenicity and long-lasting effects. In practical applications, the virus preparation is often made into a water agent, a platinum agent, a wettable powder, etc., sprayed or applied to the soil to control pests.
The second is to use the antagonism between microorganisms and the metabolites of certain microorganisms to inhibit the growth, development and even death of flower pathogenic microorganisms. These substances are antibiotics. For example, the flower fertilizer, code-named "5406", can control certain fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and mosaic virus diseases of flowers.
The third is to use the biological chain, food chain relationship or parasitic relationship in nature to control pests. For example, the use of daylight bees to control cotton aphids; the use of cockroaches, cockroaches, etc.
It is also possible to use plant immunity and active ingredients in plant juices to control pests and diseases. Such as the use of aqueous garlic juice can control a large number of types of bacteria. The use of plant physiologically active substances to control pests and diseases is the focus of research at home and abroad, and it is one of the methods with good prospects. In addition, the use of bioengineering methods to control pests and diseases is also a new development trend, such as genetically modified technology.
Sixth, the prevention and treatment of flowers and insect pests of the right medicine First of all, we must understand the causes of pests and diseases, the infection cycle and its ecological environment, grasp the time, location, scope and other laws of the hazard, in order to prescribe the right medicine.
1. Drugs for non-invasive diseases (1) The central part of the upper leaves of the plant is burning like a fire, showing a light red color, but the affected part has no mildew after rain.
(2) Water damage can lead to rotten roots and easy lodging. The leaves of the frost-damaged seedlings are dry and wrinkled, and the affected parts are free of mildew after rain and the bark is broken.
(3) The upper leaves of the drought are wrinkled and drooping.
(4) The polluted leaves are dirty and easy to clean. Fertilized buds with wilting and growth stagnation.
(5) The plants with lack of vegetative growth are sluggish, the leaves are deformed dull, and the leaves fall off from the bottom to the top.
The above diseases are physiological diseases, pesticides are incapable, can only be solved by changing ecological conditions, and at the same time should be combined with external fertilization to remedy.
2. Infectious diseases (1) Fungal diseases often have white powder, rust powder, coal stains, mildew layers, and plaques on the leaves. After rain, the back of the lesions often have fungal spores. For this disease, you can use Dyson Zinc and Fructus sinensis for routine control. In the peak period of the disease, it can be used alternately with gram powder, dexamethasone, chlorhexidine, carbendazim, kebending, etc., and the dilution concentration is: 500 to 800 times solution of powder, 800 to 1000 times solution of emulsifiable concentrate or water agent. .
(2) Bacterial diseases mainly affect rhizomes, bulbs, bulbs, tubers, etc. The affected part is powdered under dry conditions, and forms a water stain under high temperature conditions. The disease can be selected from 200,000 units of agricultural streptomycin 30 grams plus 50 kg of water sprayed.
(3) Viral diseases are characterized by mosaic, dead spots, ring spots, yellow leaves, deformities, arbuscular branches, and upper leaves falling off. You can choose 20 tablets of oxytetracycline and viremia, dissolve it in 12 kg of water or boil it with 2.5 kg of scallop.
Ten Principles of Rational Use of Flowers
The prevention and control of flower pests and diseases cannot rely solely on chemical pesticides. Instead, it is necessary to select quarantine, cultivation systems, pest-resistant varieties, reasonable garden management operations, and physical, biological and chemical processes according to the actual conditions of flower planting. The combination of prevention and control methods and the development of effective comprehensive prevention and control measures should specifically follow the following principles:
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】