Surface quality and mechanical properties testing were conducted to evaluate the performance of the steel wire. The first test was an acid etching procedure. A sample of the steel wire was placed in a heat-resistant porcelain container filled with a 1:1 hydrochloric acid solution. The container was then heated using an electric furnace while the exhaust system was activated. The temperature was raised to approximately 65-80°C, allowing the acid to etch the surface until the microstructure became clearly visible. Afterward, the wire was removed and rinsed in a 3-5% sodium carbonate solution to neutralize any remaining acid. Finally, it was washed with hot running water and dried with compressed air for macroscopic inspection. No significant surface defects such as scratches or cracks were observed during this process. The second test involved a winding test. The steel wire was wound around a core rod using a motor-driven winding device. According to national standards, the wire had a diameter of 4.0 mm, and the core rod had a diameter of 8.0 mm. The number of windings was more than four, and after the test, no cracking, delamination, or other noticeable surface flaws were detected. Next, torsion and tensile tests were performed. A 250 mm segment of the steel wire was clamped into a torsion testing machine, while the other end was fixed. The wire was twisted until failure occurred. No burrs or other surface imperfections were found, and the fracture was clean, with a total of 79 twisting cycles before failure. For the tensile test, the same sample was mounted on a universal testing machine, and tensile force was gradually applied along its length to measure tensile strength and elongation. The results indicated that the material met the required specifications. Regarding the mechanical properties of the raw material, the minimum tensile strength was recorded at 1860 MPa, with a minimum area reduction of 45%. The alternating torsion test showed a result of 4962.5 sub-standard data, with an average of 79 twists. The hardness test was conducted by cutting a small section of the wire and mounting it on a metallographic mount. After grinding, the Vickers hardness was measured using the HBV-30A Buwei hardness tester. The diagonal length of the indentation ranged from 2.03 to 2.41 mm, resulting in a hardness value of 502–510 HV, equivalent to 49.5–50 HRC, which meets the standard requirements. The comprehensive test results confirmed that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the quenched spring steel wire met all necessary criteria. Macroscopic and acid etching tests revealed no severe surface defects such as scratches, cracks, rust, folding, or scaling. The fracture analysis showed that the fatigue failure occurred at the inner surface of the third coil of the spring. The fracture exhibited typical characteristics of fatigue failure, with the origin located on the inner surface of the third ring. An obvious shear lip was observed in the instantaneous fracture zone, confirming that the failure was due to fatigue. No significant inclusions were found in the metallographic examination, but fine surface cracks near the fracture were clearly visible, with a depth ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 mm. Based on these findings, it is likely that the early fatigue failure of the plunger spring was caused by these surface microcracks, which may have formed during the production process. In conclusion, the experimental analysis indicates that the early fatigue fracture of the plunger spring resulted from microcracks on the surface of the steel wire, which were introduced due to improper processing during manufacturing.
Electric Butterfly Valve is operated by Electric Actuator, the actuator has open close type and regulating type, power 24VDC, 220VAC. valve have different type and material for optional, wafer type, lug type, flanged type, PVC, CPVC, PVDF, PP, PPH, EPDM, PTFE lined, rubber lined. standard following DIN, ANSI, JIS, pressure rate of PN10, PN16, 150LB, 10K. size from 2" to 40", limited switch, Solenoid Valve are optional.
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Size:DN50~DN1000 (2 inch ~ 40 inch) Electric Butterfly Valve,Electric Valve,Butterfly Valve Electrical,Electric Control Valve Ningbo RMI Plastic Co.,Ltd , https://www.rmiplast.com
Connection: wafer, lug, flange ANSI CL150, JIS10K, DIN PN10
Material:PVC-U;PVC-C;PVDF;FRPP;PP-H,WCB,CI
Actuator:Electrical
Operating type:Open/Shut, Regulating
Power supply:DC24V;AC220V;AC380V
Analysis of the consumption end of the plunger spring strain