Biological pesticides - BT use "four look" to ensure control

Biopesticide – BT is a broad-spectrum, highly effective, and safe insecticide that has gained significant attention due to its ability to control a wide range of pests without harming humans, livestock, poultry, or natural pest enemies. However, improper use can reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, it's essential to understand the characteristics and proper application methods of BT before using it. First, it’s important to master the right timing and spraying concentration. BT is primarily used to control pests in economic crops such as cotton bollworm, red bollworm, cutworm, tobacco budworm, and others. For food crops, it helps manage stem borers, rice borers, and leafhoppers. In vegetables, it controls cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and flea beetles. In fruit trees, it targets pine caterpillars, peach twig borer, scale insects, and leaf roller moths. For cotton bollworm control, the best time to apply is during peak egg-laying, when egg counts reach around 100 per square meter. Apply every 3–4 days for 2–3 times per generation. Adjust the number of applications based on infestation levels. For pests like cabbage caterpillars, tobacco budworm, bean hawk moth, corn borer, and other fruit tree pests, application should be done at the peak of egg-laying or during early larval stages. Regarding the spraying concentration: For 10 billion spores/g bacterial powder, mix with water at a ratio of 2,000 times per 667 m² to effectively control rice mites, aphids, small bridgeworms, thorn moths, and cabbage caterpillars. Use a 1,000-fold solution of 10 billion spores/g or a 300-fold solution of BT emulsion to control cabbage caterpillars. For rice leaf rollers, locusts, and sweet potato hawk moths, use a 400–600-fold solution of BT emulsion. To manage Helicoverpa armigera, Pieris rapae, and Plutella xylostella, apply a 1,000-fold solution of BT emulsion. For corn borers, use 50g of 10 billion spores/g bacterial powder per 667 m², diluted 2,000 times, or mix 100–200 times BT emulsion with 3.5–5 kg of fine sand to make granules and place them in the corn whorl. Second, when applying BT pesticides, follow the "four looks" principle to maximize its effectiveness: 1. **Look at the temperature**: The best effect is achieved between 25°C and 30°C. At this range, the control effect is 10 to 20 times better than at 10°C to 15°C. Avoid use when temperatures drop below 20°C. 2. **Look at humidity**: Higher humidity improves the performance of BT. Powder formulations work best under high humidity conditions. 3. **Look at sunlight**: UV rays can damage spores, so it's best to apply BT in the late afternoon or on cloudy days. 4. **Look at rain**: Heavy rain can wash away the applied solution, reducing its effectiveness. Light drizzle after application can actually enhance the effect. If heavy rain occurs, reapplication is necessary. BT may act slower than chemical pesticides. Pests typically stop feeding within 30 minutes and die within 24 hours, reaching peak mortality at 48 hours. By 72 hours, the mortality rate can exceed 75%. Even if pests don’t die immediately, they will stop feeding, so no additional pesticide is needed. Tip from China Pesticide Network: BT should not be mixed with organophosphorus insecticides or fungicides, as this can reduce its efficacy. Always follow label instructions and store properly to maintain potency.

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