Studies have found that the properties exhibited by materials at the nanoscale (near atomic scale) are difficult to retain and develop. In fact, at near atomic scales, materials have unique and potentially electrical, optical, and extensible properties that often disappear after being fabricated into millimeter or centimeter grade materials and systems using conventional processes. How to preserve the material properties of the atomic scale with great application value is a difficult point in the material science field.

The Defense Science Office (DSO), the most important component of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), recently announced that it has set up a series of research projects to achieve the goal of retaining the atomic-scale material properties as soon as possible. . From the following specific research projects, or the future changes in the direction of new materials research can be seen.

Atomic to product (A2P)

The goal of the Atomic to Product research project is to develop an assembly method that enables the manufacture of large-scale materials, components, and systems that retain the properties of nanoscale materials.

At present, scientists often use different “mixing, heating and combination” methods when developing new materials. DARPA project manager Maine said: “Now we are using a completely different approach, starting with a single atom and assembling them directly. Into nanostructures, and then assemble this nanostructure into larger micro devices.” He pointed out that the “Atomic to Product” project group already has a new method of controlling nanoscale assembly, which can be produced very economically and economically. Advanced micro devices.

Controlled Microstructure Material (MCMA)

DARPA is also investigating another way to create new materials with special features called "materials with controllable microstructures." MCMA is looking for ways to control the microstructure of materials to improve structural performance and achieve functions that are traditionally difficult to achieve in a single substance, such as the strength of steel and the weight of plastic.

Material Conversion (MATRIX)

One potential benefit of controlling the nano-framework within a material is that it allows the material to self-catalyze or convert energy into a device, which is the ultimate goal of the DSO Material Conversion project. Similar to A2P, it develops a new material for conversion that enables energy conversion from one form to another to achieve the useful functions of new materials at the device and system level. Material conversion is very important for the improvement of military capabilities in sea, land and air and space, but the function of many materials in the laboratory is currently difficult to play in the real needs. The goal of MATRIX is to transform the functions in the laboratory into real-world conditions as soon as possible.

MATRIX currently concentrates on researchers in the fields of modeling, design and manufacturing, and is developing a unified approach to research and development, hoping to build a bridge between materials and devices. Research results will improve the efficiency of energy harvesting, heat treatment and refrigeration equipment, making sensors, actuators and radios more efficient.

Extended solids (XSolids)

The “Extended Solids” project is dedicated to the development of special materials that can only be manufactured and existed in an ultra-high pressure (million atmosphere) state. Due to the great changes in the physical, mechanical and functional properties of many materials under different pressures, the discovery and manufacture of new materials is based on high temperature applications, while the development of high pressure chemistry (or barometric chemistry) is a new material. The discovery and manufacturing has opened up a new era.

DARPA established a multidisciplinary laboratory 50 years ago to bring together experts in device and materials related fields. According to Tompkins, head of DSO, these research projects reflect a fundamental change in the direction of future research on new materials, from bulk-process to framework materials, which indicates a new “designer era” for material development ( The arrival of designer age)".

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