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Determination of harmful substances in the air of production environment
Harmful substances in industrial environments typically originate from exhaust gases and smoke released during production processes. To effectively monitor these pollutants, it's essential to understand their sources and emission levels. Air monitoring involves collecting and analyzing samples, with the method chosen based on the purpose of the study, the physical state of the substance, its concentration, and the sensitivity of the analytical technique used.
Gas collection methods are ideal for measuring instantaneous concentrations of harmful substances in the air. They are particularly useful when the concentration is high or when the analytical method has high sensitivity, requiring only a small volume of air for testing. In this approach, air samples are collected in containers and transported to the lab for detailed analysis. This method is commonly used for gases and vapors that do not easily adsorb or dissolve in liquids. Gas chromatography is often employed for detecting such airborne contaminants.
The concentration method, on the other hand, provides an average measurement of harmful substances over time. When pollutant levels are low, air samples must be passed through absorbent materials, filters, or adsorbents to concentrate the contaminants before analysis. This ensures that even trace amounts can be detected using standard laboratory techniques.
The personal sampling method measures the average exposure of workers over an entire workday, known as the time-weighted average concentration. This technique relies on passive diffusion of contaminants into a sampling medium, such as an adsorbent, without the need for active pumping or gas flow measurement. The device is worn on the chest or collar and collects pollutants throughout the day. Afterward, the adsorbent is extracted with a solvent and analyzed to determine total exposure levels.
Direct-reading detectors are field instruments that use chemical or physical principles to instantly measure pollutant concentrations. These devices often include features like real-time data recording and alarm systems to alert users of dangerous levels. They are widely used for quick assessments and ongoing environmental monitoring.
By employing these different sampling and detection methods, industries can better manage air quality, protect worker health, and ensure compliance with safety regulations. Each method has its own advantages and is selected based on specific monitoring needs and conditions.