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Determination of harmful substances in the air of production environment
Most harmful substances found in industrial environments originate from exhaust gases and smoke released during production processes. To understand their sources and emission levels, air monitoring is essential. This process involves collecting and analyzing air samples, with the method chosen based on the purpose of the monitoring, the physical state of the substance in the air, its concentration, and the sensitivity of the analytical technique.
The gas sampling method provides a snapshot of the instantaneous concentration of harmful substances in the air. It is typically used when the concentration is high or when the analytical method is highly sensitive, requiring only a small volume of air for testing. In this approach, air samples are collected in containers and transported to the lab for analysis. This method is ideal for gases or vapors that do not easily adsorb onto liquids or solid materials. Gas chromatography is often employed to detect these substances effectively.
The concentration method, on the other hand, gives an average measurement of harmful substances over time. When concentrations are low, it's necessary to pass the air through a collection medium such as an absorbent liquid, adsorbent, or filter paper. This allows the contaminants to be trapped and concentrated before analysis, ensuring that even trace amounts can be detected.
The personal sampling method reflects the average exposure level a worker experiences throughout the day, known as the time-weighted average concentration. These monitors rely on the natural diffusion of contaminants into the sampling material, without the need for pumps or active air flow. They are usually worn on the chest or collar, and after a full workday, the adsorbent is extracted and analyzed using standard techniques. The result represents the average exposure over 8 hours.
Direct-reading detectors are field instruments that use chemical or physical principles to instantly measure the concentration of harmful substances. Some models also record data over time and trigger alarms when dangerous levels are reached, providing real-time feedback for safety monitoring.
This comprehensive approach ensures accurate assessment of air quality, helping industries maintain safe working conditions and comply with environmental regulations.