Who is responsible for the photovoltaic environment after Suntech goes bankrupt

In recent days, discussions about the fate of Suntech and the broader photovoltaic industry have been widespread both online and offline. As a former "aircraft carrier" in the solar energy sector, how did Suntech end up in insolvency? What challenges does China's PV industry face? A reporter from *Science and Technology Daily* conducted an in-depth interview to uncover the truth. The wealth effect has turned the photovoltaic industry into a "sweet potato" for many enterprises. According to Professor An Wen, director of the Low-Carbon Institute at Hohai University, many entrepreneurs had little knowledge or interest in photovoltaics before Wuxi Suntech and Changzhou Trina Solar went public. Once they saw the profits, however, the industry became highly attractive. “Entrepreneurs and investors were all eyeing it,” he said. An Wen, who has spent years researching new energy and promoting projects, noted that many companies were driven by the expectation of explosive growth. “It was like a wild horse that had broken free, repeatedly expanding its production capacity.” He pointed out that the wealth effect led to irrational decision-making. Companies believed that with enough capital, they could import foreign equipment, hire engineers, and scale up operations quickly. As more companies entered the market, China’s photovoltaic capacity surged, accounting for over half of the world’s total. Jiangsu alone produced more than 55% of the country’s PV exports, with Suntech, Trina, and Aters among the top global players. However, the industry faced significant challenges. In the upstream silicon and ingot production, Chinese companies relied heavily on foreign technology. Meanwhile, the domestic market remained underdeveloped, forcing most PV products to be exported. This created a "two ends out" situation—relying on foreign inputs and foreign markets. Miao Liansheng, chairman of Yingli Group, warned that if the European market closed, it would be a disaster for the industry. Some scholars at a provincial seminar even questioned why no one had prepared for the potential crisis. Local governments also played a role in the boom. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, over 100 cities in China established photovoltaic industry bases, with some estimates suggesting the number could exceed 300. Many of these parks aimed for production targets far exceeding actual demand. Shi Zhengrong, founder of Suntech, criticized this trend as irresponsible. He warned that building photovoltaic parks nationwide was not sustainable. An Wen explained that local governments were drawn to the industry due to its high GDP potential and green image, which aligned with national policies on economic transformation and environmental protection. But this enthusiasm lacked scientific planning. Gong Xuejin, vice president of Suntech, noted that China’s PV industry lacked a long-term strategy. Unlike countries like the U.S., which launched the “Million Solar Roofs” program in 1997, or Germany, which popularized rooftop power stations a decade ago, China failed to develop a comprehensive plan. Today, the global PV industry is undergoing adjustments, presenting both challenges and opportunities. The government must act swiftly to support the sector, counter the "double reverse" pressure from Europe and the U.S., and promote domestic solar power plants and rooftop projects. Jiang Zhongwei, manager of Wuxi Huite Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd., warned that without strong government intervention, the export situation would worsen. “If nothing is done, we may see more cases like Wuxi Suntech going bankrupt.”

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