In the face of sudden disasters, people are hit, witnessed death, and experienced destruction without any mental preparation. There will be fears and fears, confusion, helplessness, sad guilt, angry disappointment and other stress responses, and even long-term consequences. Psychological trauma.

The timely implementation of psychological assistance after a disaster can help disaster-experienced individuals maximize the use of positive coping skills and face and exit possible psychological shadows. At the same time, the psychological counseling of rescue workers cannot be ignored. The shocking disaster scene will also give them great psychological pressure.

How correct and scientific psychological guidance appears to be important. Professional psychologist help.

First, rescuers reduce pressure

More exercise, attention to rest, and increased nutrition are all ways to relieve stress. For the psychological intervention of rescue workers, the following points should be observed:

First: Encourage mutual confession and encourage players to tell their teammates about their feelings. This is very important for their mental health.
Second: Emphasizing teamwork and other team members sharing work load and voicing psychological pressure will help relieve depression.
No. 3: Don't suddenly move away from the team. Part 4: Rotation of personnel To avoid excessive fatigue, the rescue team should be supervised to rest and take turns.

No. 5: Psychological Strike Prevention Teams should be responsible for their own members. Before the rescue work begins, the team manager should inform the team members in advance of the sights they will see and the emotional reactions that they will produce. Be psychologically prepared.

6th: The team members are urged to take a break from the rest of the team during the rescue process. They often work continuously for hours and can't attend the rest. At this time, the management team of the rescue team must urge the team members to take a rest away from the disaster site to relieve their nervousness caused by the disaster scene.

7th: Regardless of survivors or rescuers, once their mood swings are revealed, the rescue team should promptly intervene with psychologists to encourage open and honest expression of their feelings. This is a self-protection mechanism. In order to avoid "emotional overload", survivors and rescuers should be encouraged to express their feelings without concealment without affecting the rescue work. What other people need to do is listen, not try to influence the feelings of others.

Second, after the disaster psychological response, people usually experience a series of psychological reactions, the following are some of the more common performance:

1: Remorse or blame others, emotional instability, accompanied by head or chest pain;
2: Fear of memory, extreme activity, dizziness, numbness, or feeling overwhelmed;
3: Insomnia, depression, fatigue, weakness.
4: Excited or angry, refuses help from others, has no appetite;
5: A lot of drinking and taking drugs, feeling helpless;
6: It is hard to concentrate on the nightmares and memory loss.
7: Refusal to communicate with others, close yourself, diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea

The occurrence of the party's emotions will experience several distinct phases.
1. The impact phase When the disaster strikes, many people do not feel scared. Some people do not even have any mood swings. at this time,
Human activities only subconsciously protect the lives of themselves and their families.
2 Finishing Stage After the survivors assess their losses, they immediately search for the remaining survivors. At this time, people will spontaneously organize emergency rescue organizations such as search and rescue, rescue, and emergency medical assistance.
3. The rescue team at the rescue stage began to direct the rescue work. At this time, the survivors reported absolute trust to the rescue personnel, and they unconditionally obeyed and followed them quickly to gather in a safe zone. Therefore, rescue workers should wear the eye-catching clothes. So that survivors find them quickly.
4. Recovery phase At this time, some people may complain that the rescue work has not progressed quickly enough, or even unite to resist the rescue personnel. This reaction may be caused by the survivors and the survivors are faced with the problem of finding a temporary residence and dealing with insurance companies. Tension related.

(II) Coping 1. Self-relieving psychological pressure Facing such a big shock, it is most important to let us respond to the daily life status as soon as possible after the disaster. Here are some easy ways to help yourself.
(1) We must ensure that we sleep and rest. If we cannot sleep well, we can do some relaxation and exercise activities;
(2) We must ensure that basic diet, food, and nutrition are the guarantee for us to overcome disease trauma and recovery;
(3) We need to get together with family and friends. We have to meet any friends and relatives.
(4) Let us not hide our feelings, try to speak out our emotions, and let our families share the grief;
(5) We must not embarrass or jealousy and avoid talking about our own suffering with others;
(6) We should not prevent relatives and friends from complaining about the pain, and letting them speak their own pain is one of the important ways to help them alleviate their pain.
(7) We should not force ourselves and others to forget the pain, and the pain will remain for a period of time. It is a normal phenomenon.
A better way is to share the pain with our friends and family.
2. Aiders' Psychological Assistance to the Victims (1) They must satisfy their basic food and shelter needs and some emergency medical care. It is best to continue to provide information on how to obtain these resources simply and accurately;
(2) The survivors who are willing to share their stories and emotions must listen and remember that there are no right or wrong ways of feeling;
(3) Be friendly and compassionate, even if they are difficult to get along;
(4) Be sure to provide them with accurate information about disasters, losses and rescue efforts, which will help them understand the current situation;
(5) Try to help them contact friends and relatives;
(6) Try to keep the family together and try to keep children together with parents and other relatives;
(7) Try to give them practical advice so that they can help themselves;
(8) Inform them of the type and location of the rescue services currently provided, and guide them to the help they can obtain;
(9) If you know there are more help and rescue forces coming, be sure to remind them when they show fear and worry.
(10) Do not force survivors to tell you about their experiences, especially the details of privacy;
(11) Don't just give simple comforts, such as: "Everything will be better" or "At least you are alive" and so on;
(12) Don’t tell them what you personally think they should do now, how they think and how to do it, and what they should do before;
(13) Don't leave promises;
(14) Never complain about existing services or rescue activities in front of people who need these services.

III. Assistance to survivors (1) Psychological reactions in the survivor stage From the disaster to the disaster, the parties will undergo a series of psychological and physiological responses. The intensity and type of these reactions vary from person to person, and whether the person has had the same experience and experience. It depends on factors such as the length of sleepy time and whether the need for survival is met. With the disaster