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Calculation of RO System Cleaning Tank Volume
The cleaning tank in a reverse osmosis (RO) system must be protected from corrosion to ensure long-term performance and safety. Common materials used for the tank include fiberglass-reinforced plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or steel tanks lined with rubber. These materials are selected based on their resistance to chemical degradation and durability under various conditions. Additionally, considering the temperature sensitivity of RO membranes, it's important to install heating or cooling systems in environments where temperatures may exceed normal operating ranges. The general recommended cleaning temperature is no less than 15°C, as lower temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the cleaning process and affect membrane performance.
When determining the size of the cleaning tank, several factors should be taken into account, including the volume of the pressure vessels, the security filter, and the piping system. These components all contribute to the total volume of water that needs to be stored during the cleaning cycle.
For example, a factory’s RO system uses a 6-3 configuration, meaning six 8-inch membrane modules in the first stage, three 8-inch modules in the second stage, and six 40-inch elements per module. To calculate the cleaning tank volume:
1) **Volume of each pressure vessel:**
$ V1 = \frac{1}{4} \times \pi \times D^2 \times L = \frac{3.14}{4} \times \left( \frac{25.4 \times 8}{1000} \right)^2 \times 6 = 0.1884 \, m^3 $
For 9 pressure vessels:
$ V2 = 0.1884 \times 9 = 1.6956 \, m^3 $
Assuming 30% of the volume is occupied by the membrane elements, the remaining water volume is:
$ V3 = 1.6956 \times 70\% = 1.1869 \, m^3 $
2) **Pipeline volume (50m long, φ89 x 3.5 hose):**
$ V4 = \frac{1}{4} \times \pi \times D^2 \times L = \frac{3.14}{4} \times 0.082^2 \times 50 = 0.264 \, m^3 $
3) **Security filter volume (φ600, effective height 1.3m):**
$ V5 = \frac{1}{4} \times \pi \times D^2 \times H = \frac{3.14}{4} \times 0.6^2 \times 1.3 = 0.3674 \, m^3 $
Considering 5% of the filter volume is occupied by the filter media:
$ V6 = 0.3674 \times 95\% = 0.349 \, m^3 $
4) **Total volume before adjustments:**
$ V = V3 + V4 + V6 = 1.1869 + 0.264 + 0.349 = 1.8 \, m^3 $
Adding a safety factor of 1.2 for unexpected variables:
$ V' = 1.2 \times 1.8 = 2.16 \, m^3 $
Including a 0.5m³ buffer for the cleaning cycle:
$ V'' = 2.16 + 0.5 = 2.66 \, m^3 $
Based on this calculation, a 3m³ cleaning tank would be suitable for the system, providing enough capacity for efficient and reliable cleaning operations. It's also recommended to periodically review the tank size as system requirements may change over time.