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Connecting Waste Pipes to a Soil Stack
In most modern homes and buildings, waste pipes are typically connected to a soil stack, also known as a soil vent pipe. This is a vertical pipe located externally on a property designed to remove sewage and wastewater from the house and direct it into the main sewer system. This includes waste from toilets, bidets, urinals, as well as wastewater from household appliances like washing machines and dishwashers, along with water from kitchen sinks, bathroom sinks, baths, hand basins, and showers.
The vertical design of the soil stack facilitates the downward flow of solid waste, which can then be directed to either a municipal sewage system or a sewage treatment plant, especially in rural areas. Soil stacks are equipped with air admittance valves or vents that allow gases to rise upward and be released into the atmosphere at the top of the property, preventing foul-smelling gases from entering the home and ensuring compliance with building codes. These vents should be positioned at least 900mm above any windows to prevent harmful gases from entering the living space.
Proper installation of a soil stack is crucial for its functionality, so it's important to understand the various fittings available for attaching waste pipes to soil stacks. In this article, we'll provide an overview of these fittings and offer guidance on their installation.
Key Points:
- Waste pipes can be connected to the soil stack using either a boss connection, whether through a boss adaptor, short boss pipe, or strap on boss.
Before you start connecting pipes, you need to identify the type of pipes you're working with, as there are several sizes available for different applications. Soil pipes are primarily made from uPVC, although older plumbing systems might use cast iron. The diameter determines the pipe's suitability for specific tasks.
For instance, in the UK, 21.5mm pipes are typically used for cisterns, 32mm pipes are suitable for small hand basins with low wastewater output, while 40mm pipes are ideal for shower, bath, and kitchen sink waste pipes. For soil pipes, which need to handle solids, a larger diameter pipe is necessary. The most common size in residential settings is 110mm drainage pipe, though wider pipes, such as 160mm, are available when needed.
There are three primary types of pipe connections used to join different waste pipes. It's advisable to maintain consistency in the connection method throughout a property's drainage system. Check how your current waste pipes are connected before purchasing new fittings.
The available connection types for a waste system are:
- **Solvent Weld Joints**: These are permanently joined using solvent weld cement, a strong industrial-grade adhesive. It requires brushing on and curing time but results in a robust bond.
- **Push-Fit Fittings**: Quick and easy to install, these fittings simply push together to create a watertight seal without traditional tools. They feature a rubber seal that holds the pipes securely.
- **Compression Fittings**: Featuring an inner compression ring and outer compression nut, these fittings are tightened to create a secure seal. While more expensive, they are reusable, offering flexibility in pipe assembly.
Once you've selected the appropriate fittings, you can proceed to connect waste pipes to your soil stack following the steps outlined below. However, if you lack experience in fitting waste pipes or feel uncertain about the process, it’s best to hire a professional plumber to avoid potential issues like blockages or leaks.
Installation Steps:
1. Estimate where the waste pipe will exit the building wall and ensure there are no obstructions. Allow for some leeway in your calculations to accommodate possible inaccuracies.
2. Mark the exit point and drill a hole in the wall using a professional diamond-tipped drill. Renting one from a local DIY store is an alternative if you don't own one. Alternatively, drill small holes inside and enlarge them with a cold chisel and hammer.
3. Consider removing a brick from the exterior before drilling to achieve a cleaner finish. After installation, clean the hole inside with plaster and paint.
4. Cut the waste pipe to the correct length and install an access plug with a removable cover to facilitate cleaning if a blockage occurs.
5. Run the waste pipe along the wall and attach it to the soil stack using a boss adapter. If no bosses exist, use a strap on boss or a short boss pipe. For a strap on boss, cut a hole in the PVC soil stack pipe, place the strap around the pipe, align the boss, and secure it with screws. If using a short boss pipe, install it along the soil pipe run, connect the pipes into the sockets, and secure the joints with solvent cement.
If your home uses a cast iron soil stack, ensure any boss fittings are compatible before installation or replace part of the soil vent pipe with a flexible connector.
At EasyMerchant, we offer high-quality, competitively priced products for your drainage needs. Our selection includes waste pipes, short boss pipes, boss adaptors, soil access plugs, stack drains, reducers, brackets, clips, vent cowls, and strap on bosses. All products are UK-made by leading manufacturers and come with the kitemark seal of approval. Our customer care team is available for additional support.
Explore our range of soil and waste pipes here:
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Remember, proper installation is key to maintaining efficient and safe plumbing systems. If unsure, always consult a professional.