Public stairs and ramps in commercial areas must meet specific standards:

1. The net width of each step in an indoor staircase should be at least 1.40 meters, with a maximum step height of 0.16 meters and a minimum step depth of 0.28 meters.

2. Outdoor steps should have a maximum height of 0.15 meters and a minimum width of 0.30 meters.

3. Passenger stairs in stations should not exceed a step height of 0.15 meters, with a minimum step width of 0.30 meters.

4. The step width for public buildings (both indoor and outdoor) should be no less than 0.30 meters, with a height between 0.10 and 0.15 meters.

The ratio of step height to width is determined based on the slope of the staircase and the natural stride of different individuals. A typical slope is around 30 degrees. For service stairs used by fewer people, the slope can be slightly steeper, but should not exceed 45 degrees. The formula 2r + g is often used, where r is the step height and g is the step depth. This varies depending on age and gender—children typically have a stride of around 560 mm, while adults average about 600 mm.

In passenger tunnels and overpasses, the step height should not exceed 0.14 meters, and the step width should be at least 0.32 meters. Each section should not have more than 18 steps, and the straight platform width should be at least 1.5 meters.

For main evacuation stairs, the following requirements apply:

1. The step width should be at least 0.28 meters, and the step height should not exceed 0.16 meters. If there are more than 18 steps in a row, a rest platform must be added. The platform's width should match the step width and be at least 1.10 meters.

Public staircases in commercial areas also require ramps that meet certain standards:

1. Indoor staircase steps should be at least 1.40 meters wide, with a maximum height of 0.16 meters and a minimum depth of 0.28 meters.

2. Outdoor steps should have a maximum height of 0.15 meters and a minimum width of 0.30 meters.

For home improvement staircases, safety and cost-effectiveness are both crucial. The height of a typical home staircase is usually between 180mm and 200mm, while public staircases may be lower, ranging from 130mm to 160mm. The step depth, or "step center distance," is generally between 230mm and 250mm, with a minimum of 220mm. A depth of 300mm is ideal for comfortable walking, as shorter steps can cause fatigue over time.

Step width for home improvements is typically 800mm, but this can be adjusted based on available space in the opening.

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