1. When a gas or coal dust explosion occurs underground, the self-rescue method is:

(1) Quickly face back to the place where the air vibrates, face down and head down as much as possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, cover your body with clothes and other objects, and minimize the exposed part of the body.
(2) It is necessary to quickly hide the self-rescuer, identify the direction, and quickly enter the fresh wind to leave the disaster area along the evacuation route. In the evacuation, we must be led by experienced old workers. If the roadway is seriously damaged and it is not known whether the retreat route is safe, it is necessary to find a permanent refuge chamber or construct a temporary dormitory to avoid it temporarily and wait for the ambulance quietly and patiently.
(3) During the disaster avoidance, everyone must consciously abide by the discipline, obey the notice, and strictly control the use of the miner's lamp. They must take the initiative to take care of the wounded. They must also beat the railway or iron pipes, send out distress signals and send experienced old workers (at least two of them) to go out for reconnaissance. After an expedition confirms safety, everyone can withdraw from the wellhead and make signal signs along the way so that the ambulance team can follow it. If possible, look for the phone and get in touch with the ground early.

2. After a fire broke out, any person who discovered smoke or an open flame should immediately report to the leader or the dispatching room and ask the rescue team for rescue or self-help. The specific approach is:

(1) Calmly and calmly put on a self-rescuer quickly, and the leaders of disaster avoidance must make a careful inspection and then retreat.
(2) Persons located on the intake side of the fire source shall withdraw from the new winds. If the fire source is located on the return side of the fire source, if it is near the fire source and the fire is not strong, it should quickly pass through the fire source and withdraw to the return air side and then windwardly retreat. If it cannot pass through the fire zone, it will retreat along the return wind for a certain distance. , Find shortcuts as soon as possible around the fresh air and retreat.
(3) If the roadway is full of smoke, never be alarmed. Quickly identify the place where the fire occurred and the direction of the wind, then lean over the railway or the iron pipe and withdraw in an orderly manner.

3. Downhole flooding accident is one of the major disasters in coal mine production. In the event of a flooding accident, the following methods can be used to actively conduct self-rescue against the disaster:

(1) First, we must try our best to identify the nature of the water source (aquifer, fault, and old empty water) and inform the staff in the nearest area to withdraw from the area as soon as possible. Hold the stand behind the head of the water and go to the height to enter the previous level, and then get out of the well.
(2) If the way out has been cut off by water, it is necessary to quickly find the highest position downhole and temporarily avoid the nearest place from the wellbore or lane. Simultaneously beat on the track or water pipe to send a distress signal.
(3) After the personnel have withdrawn from the flooded area, they should only close the water gate immediately.

4. A roof-fall accident occurs underground and miners are waiting for help and self-rescue

(1) We must do everything possible to reduce the amount of personal respiration, take a rest in bed, and pay attention to strengthening support to prevent continued recurrence;
(2) If there is an isolated self-rescuer, it should be worn when it feels difficult to breathe. If there is a pressure air line at the blockage, the valve can be opened for oxygen, and personnel can lean over near the exit of the pipeline;
(3) If it is found that the amount of coal gangs blocking the exit is not large, and it is possible to open the exit, the method of taking turns to remove the coal rake should be adopted, and the safety of the top should be taken care of. The objects are often banged to send signals to the ambulance personnel.

5. Guidelines for Miners to Self-help and Save Each Other in the Disaster Area

After a disaster occurs underground, the accident site and nearby workers should quickly organize self-rescue and mutual rescue before the mine rescue team and the doctor arrive. Use on-site all equipment and conditions to take timely rescue measures to minimize casualties.

(1) When an accident causes an increase in the content of toxic and hazardous gases at the site, which may endanger the lives of people, they must use the self-rescuer in a timely and correct manner, and strictly prevent those who do not wear the self-rescue device from entering the work in the disaster area or retreating through the asphyxiation area.
(2) When an injured person is found at a disaster site or during a retreat, he/she should organize experienced personnel to actively rescue and quickly move to a safe place.
(3) For the wounded people rescued in the disaster area, they should be properly resettled to a safe place, and according to the injury situation, local materials should be taken, and emergency treatment such as hemostasis, dressing, fracture fixation, and artificial respiration be performed in time.
(4) In the process of first aid and handling of the wounded on the spot, the method should be appropriate, the action should be light and light, so as to avoid the wounded from expanding and suffering from unnecessary injuries.
(5) In case of evacuation in the disaster-stricken area, all persons in distress should take the initiative to donate food and potable water, help each other, and distribute them. We must actively fulfill the tasks we have undertaken and carefully take care of the wounded and other comrades to tide over difficulties and escape safety.