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What Is Pipe Thread?
Pipe threads are specially designed threads meant for connections along the walls of pipes. They come in two main types: unsealed 55-degree pipe threads and sealed 55-degree pipe threads. These threads are primarily used to create tight fits between internal and external threads when connecting pipes.
There are two primary kinds of pipe threads: straight and tapered. Common types include NPT, PT (also known as BSPT), and G threads.
NPT stands for National (American) Pipe Thread, which follows a 60-degree tapered design and is commonly used in North America. It aligns with the GB/T12716-1991 national standard. On the other hand, PT or BSPT threads are 55-degree sealed conical pipe threads, part of the Wyeth thread family. They're predominantly used in Europe and Commonwealth nations, especially within the water and gas piping industries. The taper ratio here is 1:16, following T7306-2000 standards, and domestically referred to as ZG.
G threads represent 55-degree unsealed pipe threads, also part of the Wyeth thread family. They're marked as cylindrical threads and follow the GB/T7307-2001 national standard.
The numbers like 1/4, 1/2, and 1/8 indicate the size of the thread, measured in inches. Professionals often refer to these sizes using points; for instance, one inch equals eight points, so 1/4 inch equals two points. G is the general term for pipe threads, and the distinction between 55 and 60 degrees is functional, commonly referred to as pipe threads. This means the thread is formed on a cylindrical surface.
ZG is known as a pipe cone, where the thread is shaped on a conical surface. Most water pipe connectors follow this design. The national standard uses Rc to denote metric threads for pitch, while American threads are at a 60-degree angle. Metric threads utilize metric units, whereas American and British threads use imperial units. Pipe threads are mainly used to connect pipelines tightly, available in both straight and tapered forms. Nominal diameter refers to the pipe's diameter, clearly showing that the thread diameter exceeds the nominal diameter. Numbers like 1/4, 1/2, and 1/8 represent the nominal diameters of inch threads, measured in inches.
Inch pipe threads originate from the inch Wyeth thread, establishing the basic dimensions of inch pipe threads through the combination of the Wyeth thread pipeline series and the Wyeth thread profile. Based on the 1/16 taper relationship, the radial diameter tolerance of the Wyeth thread is converted into an inch-sealed tube tolerance of the axial number of threads (with some adjustments). Then, referring to the tolerance values of inch-sealed pipe threads, the tolerances for inch-unsealed pipe threads were proposed (changing from one-way distribution to another, relaxing the top diameter tolerance, and loosening the bottom diameter tolerance). The proposal timeline for these three types of threads:
In 1841, the British Wyeth thread was introduced, followed by the new Wyeth thread standard (BS 84) in 1905.
In 1905, the imperial sealed pipe thread standard (BS 21) was published.
From 1905 to 1940, Wyeth Thread handled the imperial unsealed pipe duties. In 1940, the unsealed pipe thread series (BSP series) of the Wyeth thread was proposed; in 1956, the British unsealed pipe thread standard (BS 2779) was issued separately.
European countries and Commonwealth nations first adopted the imperial pipe thread standard. The ISO/TC5/SC5 Pipe Thread Standardization Technical Committee and its secretariat are controlled by European countries, adopting the imperial pipe thread standard as an ISO standard. In 1955, the ISO proposed the inch-sealed pipe thread standard (ISO R 7); in 1961, the ISO proposed the standard for imperial unsealed pipe threads (ISO R 228). In 1978, the ISO officially promulgated two standards for imperial pipe threads (ISO7-1 and ISO228-1). These threads have been widely accepted globally, except in North America, and are extensively used in international trade.
Metric threads are denoted by pitch, while U.S. and British threads are indicated by the number of threads per inch. Metric threads feature a 60-degree equilateral tooth shape, while inch threads have an isosceles 55-degree tooth shape, and American threads are isosceles 60-degree. Metric units (like mm) are used for metric threads, while imperial units (like inches) are used for U.S. and British threads. "Insiders" typically use "minutes" to refer to thread size, with one inch equaling eight minutes, 1/4 inch equaling two minutes, and so on. Other standards include ISO-metric thread standard 60 degrees; UN-unified thread standard 60 degrees; API-American petroleum pipe thread standard 60 degrees; W-British Whitworth thread standard 55 degrees.
Hebei Sanvo Pipes And Fittings Co., Ltd. is a reputable manufacturer and supplier of threaded pipe fittings in China. We specialize in producing high-quality NPT, BSPT steel pipe nipples, steel pipe couplings, and 304/316 stainless steel threaded pipe fittings. Our products are available in carbon steel and stainless steel, catering to the gas, oil and gas, water, fire, HVAC, mining, petroleum, and other fluid transportation sectors. We adhere to standards such as American Standard ASTM A733/A865, German Standard DIN2982/DIN2986, British Standard BS EN10241, and Japanese Standard JISB2302, distributing our products to markets in Israel, Germany, Italy, South Korea, the United States, the Middle East, Canada, France, and more, receiving excellent feedback.
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