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Application effect of VC in culture
Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble compound that is colorless, odorless, and slightly acidic. It plays a vital role in the health and performance of animals, particularly in enhancing immunity and stress resistance. Unlike many mammals, most aquatic species cannot synthesize vitamin C on their own and must obtain it through their diet. Even in animals that can produce it, such as pigs and poultry, supplementation becomes crucial under stressful conditions like high temperatures, transportation, or disease outbreaks. Adding vitamin C to feed can help stabilize production performance and improve overall health outcomes.
In poultry farming, the inclusion of vitamin C in chicken diets has shown significant benefits. Studies have demonstrated that adding 100–200 mg/kg of coated vitamin C to laying hens' feed can increase egg production rates by up to 3%, while improving eggshell quality and hatchability. Similarly, giving 200 mg/kg of vitamin C via drinking water to commercial hens led to a 9.16% increase in egg production. Research also shows that vitamin C helps reduce heat stress in broilers, with one study reporting a drop in mortality from 22% to 7.2% when supplemented. These findings highlight the importance of vitamin C in maintaining optimal performance and resilience in poultry.
In pig production, vitamin C supplementation has also proven beneficial. Adding 200 mg/kg of coated vitamin C to the diets of growing pigs improved daily weight gain by 5.68% and feed efficiency by 6.8%. For piglets, doses of 75–150 mg/kg increased daily growth by 5.8–7.5% and improved feed conversion. In sows, adding 1 gram of vitamin C per day enhanced litter size and survival rates. Additionally, vitamin C has been found to reduce diarrhea in piglets and improve semen quality in boars, leading to higher conception rates in sows.
In aquaculture, vitamin C is essential for enhancing the immune system and stress tolerance of fish and shrimp. It supports better growth, bone development, and reproductive performance. Studies show that increasing vitamin C levels in fish feed improves survival rates after infections, such as those caused by *Vibrio anguillarum*. It also helps aquatic species adapt to low oxygen and cold environments. For example, adding vitamin C to shrimp feed increases their resistance to ammonia nitrogen and improves survival during stressful conditions. Research on rainbow trout indicates that vitamin C boosts sperm quality and fertility, with optimal effects observed at 130–270 mg/kg in feed. Overall, vitamin C is a key nutrient in promoting the health and productivity of aquatic organisms.