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New plant-derived pesticides are mostly used for fruits and vegetables
Botanical pesticides represent a significant category within biological pesticides. These are derived from plant-based sources and are widely used in the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products. They are known for their low toxicity to humans and the environment, making them an ideal choice for sustainable farming practices.
One such botanical pesticide is celangulin, which is extracted from the root bark and seeds of Euonymus plants. It comes in the form of a 1% emulsifiable concentrate. Celangulin exhibits strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact insecticidal properties, making it highly effective against the cabbage caterpillar, a common pest on cruciferous vegetables. The recommended application rate is 50–70 ml per 667 square meters, diluted with 60–75 kg of water and evenly sprayed. It acts quickly, achieving over 90% control within one day, with effects lasting more than seven days, and is safe for crops.
Another example is osthole, an active compound extracted from the dried fruits of the umbelliferous plant *Seseli tschiliense*. The preparation is a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate. Osthole primarily works through contact toxicity and has good efficacy against both the cabbage caterpillar and tea aphids. For cruciferous vegetables, the dosage is 80–120 ml per 667 square meters, while for tea plants, it's 100–120 ml. Diluted with 50–75 kg of water, it should be applied evenly every 7 days, ensuring safety for the crops.
Eucalyptus oil, specifically its main component, is also used as a botanical pesticide. A 5% eucalyptus solution is effective against aphids on cruciferous vegetables. The recommended dose is 70–100 ml per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. It remains effective for about seven days and is safe for use on crops.
Lastly, bloodroot alkaloid, derived from plants in the Papaveraceae family, is available as a 1% wettable powder. It has moderate control effects on pests like the cabbage caterpillar, bean aphid, apple leafhopper, two-spotted spider mites, and pear hibiscus. According to the China Pesticide Network, for cabbage caterpillars, 30–50 grams per 667 square meters is recommended, especially during the early larval stage for best results. For other pests, the dilution ratio should be between 1500–2500 times. Spraying should be done during the nymphal stage for maximum effectiveness. The product shows noticeable improvement in control after three days, with a residual effect lasting up to seven days, and is considered safe for crops.