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The function of the water hammer phenomenon check valve in the hot water heating system.
In the context of hot water heating systems, the first valve is based on the water hammer phenomenon, which occurs when there is a sudden change in flow conditions. To ensure system safety, proactive measures must be taken to minimize the occurrence of water hammer. A check valve plays a crucial role in this process by controlling the flow direction and reducing pressure fluctuations. This paper explores the function of check valves in preventing water hammer and ensuring the safe operation of heating systems.
As China's economy continues to grow and living standards improve, urban central heating systems are increasingly replacing traditional, distributed heating methods. Cities like Beijing and Shenyang have already implemented or are developing large-scale centralized heating systems. These systems are becoming more complex and extensive, making them more vulnerable to water hammer incidents. Such events can cause significant damage, so it's essential to implement effective preventive strategies.
Check valves are vital components in heating system piping. Their installation location, structural design, and closing characteristics significantly affect the system's reliability and safety. When properly used, they can act as a critical defense against water hammer. However, improper use may lead to serious consequences, including pipe ruptures and equipment damage. Therefore, understanding and correctly applying check valves is of great practical and academic importance.
From a fluid transient motion perspective, check valves should only open or close during power interruptions, with their opening and closing speed adjusted according to the flow conditions in the pipeline. An incorrect speed can cause sudden pressure changes, potentially leading to pipe failure. To ensure system integrity, the check valve’s structure and closing curve must be carefully selected to optimize its water hammer protection capabilities.
This paper studies the water hammer prevention function of check valves in heating systems. It establishes the boundary conditions for valve opening and closing, analyzes the limitations of standard check valves, and evaluates the performance of specialized water hammer check valves. The study also investigates the mechanism of optimizing the closing characteristics to eliminate water hammer and prevent pump reversal. The findings provide practical guidance for selecting and using check valves effectively in heating systems.
In hot water heating systems, a pressure relief bypass pipe equipped with a check valve can be installed between the pump's discharge and suction lines to reduce the risk of water hammer. During normal operation, the check valve remains closed due to higher pressure on the discharge side. When the pump stops suddenly, the pressure on the discharge side drops rapidly, causing the check valve to open and redirect the flow, thereby reducing pressure surges and protecting the system.
The effectiveness of such a bypass system has been demonstrated through simulations and real-world tests. For instance, installing a Danfoss 402M water hammer check valve at the pump outlet significantly reduces peak pressure compared to a standard check valve. This highlights the importance of selecting the right type of check valve for specific applications.
In summary, this paper emphasizes the critical role of check valves in mitigating water hammer in heating systems. It provides insights into their design, application, and optimization, offering valuable guidance for engineers and technicians involved in heating system design and maintenance.